| 描述 | MSD offers a range of individual assays utilizing U-PLEX Antibody Sets that provide a rapid and convenient method for measuring biomarkers in complex matrices. The individual assays are offered on MSD GOLD Small Spot Streptavidin Plates and use the same antibody sets and diluents as the U-PLEX multiplex assays. This allows for efficient transfer between the individual assay and a higher throughput multiplex configuration. Typical of assays developed on the MSD platform, the individual assays have high sensitivity, excellent precision, provide up to five-logs of linear dynamic range, and require minimal sample volume. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a multi-functional, transmembrane protein with an extracellular, chemokine domain that sits atop a mucin-like stalk which aids in the binding of certain immune cells. The transmembrane form can be proteolytically processed to generate a secreted 90 kDa soluble form. Soluble fractalkine has been observed in serum, urine, CSF, and synovial fluids. The soluble form acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and lymphocytes. Fractalkine is thought to mediate interactions between neurons and microglia in the brain, and protects the brain against reactive oxygen species during neuroinflammation. The membrane-bound form is predominantly expressed on vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, neurons and epithelial linings of the intestine, bronchi, and renal proximal tubules. At these surfaces, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1 promote increased fractalkine expression and subsequent adhesion of leukocytes and extracellular matrix proteins to the inflamed endothelial cells. Thus, fractalkine is involved in the pathogenesis of various clinical disease states or processes, such as atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, renal and cardiac allograft rejection, and rheumatoid arthritis. The U-PLEX Human Fractalkine Assay provides the components for the quantitative determination of both natural and recombinant human Fractalkine in serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. |
