性能| 供应商 | R&D Systems |
| Entrez Gene IDs | 7124 (Human); 21926 (Mouse); 24835 (Rat); 397086 (Porcine); 280943 (Bovine); 403922 (Canine); 100033834 (Equine); 493755 (Feline); 100009088 (Rabbit) |
| 内毒素水平 | <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
| 生物活性 | Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L‑929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. Matthews, N. and M.L. Neale (1987) in Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical Approach. Clemens, M.J. et al. (eds): IRL Press. 221. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.02-0.05 ng/mL.
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| 溶解方法 | Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| 背景 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism (1, 2). Mouse TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (3). Within the ECD, mouse TNF-alpha shares 94% aa sequence identity with rat and 70%-77% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, human, porcine, rat, and rhesus TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune, epithelial, endothelial, and tumor cells (1, 2). TNF-alpha is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer which is expressed on the cell surface (4). Cell surface TNF-alpha can induce the lysis of neighboring tumor cells and virus infected cells, and it can generate its own downstream cell signaling following ligation by soluble TNFR I (2, 5). Shedding of membrane bound TNF-alpha by TACE/ADAM17 releases the bioactive cytokine, a 55 kDa soluble trimer of the TNF-alpha extracellular domain (6-8). TNF-alpha binds the ubiquitous 55-60 kDa TNF RI (9, 10) and the hematopoietic cell-restricted 80 kDa TNF RII (11, 12), both of which are also expressed as homotrimers (1, 2, 13). Both type I and type II receptors bind TNF-alpha with comparable affinity (14), although only TNF RI contains a cytoplasmic death domain which triggers the activation of apoptosis. Soluble forms of both types of receptors are released and can neutralize the biological activity of TNF-alpha (15). |
| Accession # | P06804 |
| 运输条件 | Blue Ice |
N-terminal
Sequence Analysis | Met & Ser84
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| 预期分子量 | 17 kDa |
| 存放说明 | -20℃ |
| 纯度 | >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain |
| 参考文献 | - Zelova, H. and J. Hosek (2013) Inflamm. Res. 62:641.
- Juhasz, K. et al. (2013) Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. 9:335.
- Fransen, L. et al. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res. 13:4417.
- Tang, P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8216.
- Perez, C. et al. (1990) Cell 63:251.
- Black, R.A. et al. (1997) Nature 385:729.
- Moss, M.L. et al. (1997) Nature 385:733.
- Gearing, A.J.H. et al. (1994) Nature 370:555.
- Schall, T.J. et al. (1990) Cell 61:361.
- Loetscher, H. et al. (1990) Cell 61:351.
- Dembic, Z. et al. (1990) Cytokine 2:231.
- Smith, C.A. et al. (1990) Science 248:1019.
- Loetscher, H. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:18324.
- Pinckard, J.K. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:10784.
- Engelmann, H. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265:1531.
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