Autophagy facilitates TLR4- and TLR3-triggered migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through the promotion of TRAF6 ubiquitination.
Authors: Zhan Z, Xie X, Cao H, Zhou X, Zhang X, Fan H, Liu Z
Autophagy, 2014;10(2):257-68.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
Adipocytes promote ovarian cancer metastasis and provide energy for rapid tumor growth.
Authors: Nieman KM, Kenny HA, Penicka CV, Ladanyi A, Buell-Gutbrod R, Zillhardt MR, Romero IL, Carey MS, Mills GB, Hotamisligil GS, Yamada SD, Peter ME, Gwin K, Lengyel E
Nat. Med., 2011;17(11):1498-503.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut
CD40-ligand stimulates myelopoiesis by regulating flt3-ligand and thrombopoietin production in bone marrow stromal cells.
Authors: Solanilla A, Dechanet J, El Andaloussi A, Dupouy M, Godard F, Chabrol J, Charbord P, Reiffers J, Nurden AT, Weksler B, Moreau JF, Ripoche J
Blood, 2000;95(12):3758-64.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells
Application: Neut

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic alpha -helical cytokine that plays important roles in acute phase reactions, inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, and cancer progression. IL-6 activity is essential for the transition from acute inflammation to either acquired immunity or chronic inflammatory disease. It is secreted by multiple cell types as a 22-28 kDa phosphorylated and variably glycosylated molecule. Mature human IL-6 is 183 amino acids (aa) in length and shares 41% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-6. Alternate splicing generates several isoforms with internal deletions, some of which exhibit antagonistic properties. Human IL-6 is equally active on mouse and rat cells. IL-6 induces signaling through a cell surface heterodimeric receptor complex composed of a ligand binding subunit (IL-6 R) and a signal transducing subunit (gp130). IL-6 binds to IL-6 R, triggering IL-6 R association with gp130 and gp130 dimerization. gp130 is also a component of the receptors for CLC, CNTF, CT-1, IL-11, IL-27, LIF, and OSM. Soluble forms of IL-6 R are generated by both alternate splicing and proteolytic cleavage. In a mechanism known as trans-signaling, complexes of soluble IL-6 and IL-6 R elicit responses from gp130-expressing cells that lack cell surface IL-6 R. Trans-signaling enables a wider range of cell types to respond to IL-6, as the expression of gp130 is ubiquitous, while that of IL-6 R is predominantly restricted to hepatocytes, leukocytes, and lymphocytes. Soluble splice forms of gp130 block trans-signaling from IL-6/IL-6 R but not from other cytokines that utilize gp130 as a coreceptor.

• Adipocytokines
• Cancer Biomarkers
• Conventional/Classical Dendritic Cells
• Cytokines and Receptors in Allergy and Asthma
• Cytokines and Receptors in Angiogenesis
• Cytokines and Receptors in Tfh Cell Differentiation and Function
• Diabetes
• gamma delta T Cells
• Glucose Homeostasis
• Helper T (Th) Cells
• HIF Transcription Factors
• ICC / IHC Images: IL-6
• IL-6 Family
• Infectious Diseases
• Inflammatory Mediators
• Interactive Pathway: Adipocytokines & Insulin Signaling
• Interactive Pathway: Th17 Differentiation
• Macrophage Activation Markers
• Mini-review: Interleukin 6
• Mouse Obesity Antibody Array
• Multiple Myeloma
• Multiple Sclerosis and Myelin Related Molecules
• Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC)
• Neuroinflammation
• Obesity
• Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
• Role of IL-6 in Energy Expenditure
• T Cell Cytokine Signaling
• Th17 Cells
• Th22 Cells
• Th9 Cells