| 货号 | FAB8266N-100UG |
| 别名 | GDF9; GDF-9; growth differentiation factor 9; growth/differentiation factor 9 | 全称 | Growth Differentiation Factor 9 |
| 应用 | Flow Cytometry |
| 目标/特异性 | Detects human GDF-9 in direct ELISAs. |
| 使用方法 | Flow Cytometry: 0.25-1 µg/106cells |
| 来源 | Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date. |
| 产品组分 |
| 供应商 | R&D Systems |
| Entrez Gene IDs | 2661 (Human); 14566 (Mouse) |
| 免疫原 | Human embryonic kidney cell line derived recombinant human GDF-9 Met1-Arg454 Accession # O60383 |
| 生物活性 | Human |
| 标记 | Alexa Fluor 700 |
| 背景 | Growth Differentiation Factor-9 (GDF-9) is an oocyte secreted paracrine factor in the TGF-beta superfamily (1, 2). It is synthesized as a prepropeptide and is subsequently processed by proteases into the mature protein (1, 2). Mature human GDF-9 has a predicted molecular weight of 16 kDa and shares 89.6% and 91.9% amino acid sequence identity with the mouse and rat orthologs, respectively. Despite the high homology, mouse GDF-9 is secreted in an active form, while human GDF-9 is latent. A single mutation Gly391Arg increases the affinity between human GDF-9 and its signaling receptors and make it more active (3). It forms both non-covalent homodimers and heterodimers with BMP-15, which is coordinately expressed with GDF-9 in the oocyte. (2, 4, 5). GDF-9 signals through TGF-beta RI/ALK-5 and BMPR-II, while the GDF-9:BMP-15 heterodimer is believed to signal through BMPR-II, ALK 4/5/7, and BMPR-IB/ALK-6 (5-8). SMAD2 and SMAD3 are phosphorylated following activation of receptor complexes by GDF-9 (5, 6). GDF-9 functions as a paracrine factor in the development of primary follicles in the ovary. It is critical for the growth of granulosa and theca cells and for the differentiation and maturation of the oocyte (5, 9-11). GDF-9 is thought to act synergistically with BMP-15 to control development of the oocyte-cumulus cell complex (4-6). In humans, GDF-9:BMP-15 heterodimers have been shown to be more potent regulators of granulosa cell functions compared to GDF-9 homodimers (6). Aberrant GDF-9 expression and activation is associated with a multitude of common human ovarian disorders including premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovary syndrome (10, 12-14). In breast and bladder cancers, GDF-9 is believed to function as a tumor suppressor because its expression levels are inversely correlated with the aggressiveness of the cancer (15, 16). In prostate cancer, however, GDF-9 may enhance tumor progression by promoting tumor cell growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (17, 18). |
| 运输条件 | Blue Ice |
| 存放说明 | 4℃ |
| 参考文献 |
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