Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb【科瑞奥博】

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Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb

货号： 12041T 基本售价： 1550.0 元规格： 20ul

产品信息

概述
货号	12041T
同种亚型	Rabbit IgG
反应种属	Human/Mouse/Rat/Monkey
来源宿主	Rabbit
应用	W/IP/IHC-P/IF-IC/F/ChIP
目标/特异性	Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP^® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total GR protein. This antibody reacts with GR-α and GR-β but does not cross-react with mineralocorticoid receptor.
使用方法	WB(1:1000) IP (1:100) IHC-P (1:400) F (1:200) IF-IC (1:50) ChIP (1:50)

性能
供应商	CST
灵敏度	Endogenous
背景	Glucocorticoid hormones control cellular proliferation, inflammation, and metabolism through their association with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)/NR3C1, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors (1). GR is composed of several conserved structural elements, including a carboxy-terminal ligand-binding domain (which also contains residues critical for receptor dimerization and hormone-dependent gene transactivation), a neighboring hinge region containing nuclear localization signals, a central zinc-finger-containing DNA-binding domain, and an amino-terminal variable region that participates in ligand-independent gene transcription. In the absence of hormone, a significant population of GR is localized to the cytoplasm in an inactive form via its association with regulatory chaperone proteins, such as HSP90, HSP70, and FKBP52. On hormone binding, GR is released from the chaperone complex and translocates to the nucleus as a dimer to associate with specific DNA sequences termed glucocorticoid response elements (GREs), thereby enhancing or repressing transcription of specific target genes (2). It was demonstrated that GR-mediated transcriptional activation is modulated by phosphorylation (3-5). Although GR can be basally phosphorylated in the absence of hormone, it becomes hyperphosphorylated upon binding receptor agonists. It has been suggested that hormone-dependent phosphorylation of GR may determine target promoter specificity, cofactor interaction, strength and duration of receptor signaling, receptor stability, and receptor subcellular localization (3). Indeed Ser211 of human GR is phosphorylated to a greater extent in the presence of hormone, and biochemical fractionation studies following hormone treatment indicate that Ser211-phosphorylated GR is found in the nucleus (3). Thus, Ser211 phosphorylation is a biomarker for activated GR in vivo. An added layer of complexity to GR signaling lies in the ability of multiple isoforms to be generated through both alternative splicing and the use of alternative translation intiation start sites, thus increasing the repertoire of functional signaling homo- and heterodimers (6,7). 糖皮质激素通过与转录因子的核激素受体超家族成员——糖皮质激素受体（GR）/ NR3C1联合，控制细胞增殖、炎症和代谢（1）。GR是由一些保守的结构元件，包括一个COOH-末端配体结合域（其中还包含受体二聚化和激素依赖型基因转录的关键残基），一个含有核定位信号的相邻的铰链区，一个含DNA结合结构域的中央锌指和一个参与配体无关的基因转录的NH 2 - 末端可变区。在没有激素的情况下，一个明显的GR类群以无活性方式通过其监管伴侣蛋白，如热休克蛋白90、热休克蛋白70和FKBP52，定位到细胞质中。对于激素结合，GR从分子伴侣复合物释放并作为二聚体转移到细胞核，与特定的DNA序列一起被称为糖皮质激素反应元件（GREs），增加或抑制特定的靶基因转录（2）。据证明，GR-介导的转录激活受磷酸化调节（3-5）。虽然GR可以在没有激素的情况下初级磷酸化。建议GR激素依赖型磷酸化可能决定靶启动子的特异性、辅助因子相互作用、受体信号的强度和持续时间、受体的稳定性和受体的亚细胞定位（3）。事实上，GR磷酸化更大程度上是在激素和生化分馏研究存在的情况下，可在细胞核中发现激素治疗表明丝氨酸（211位）-磷酸化GR（3）。因此，丝氨酸（211）磷酸化是体内激活GR的生物标志物。GR信号附加层的复杂性在于通过选择性剪接和使用选择性翻译启动起始位点产生多发亚型的能力，从而增加了功能信号同源和异源二聚体库（6,7）。
存放说明	-20C
计算分子量	94, 91
参考文献	1 . Yamamoto, K.R. (1985) Annu. Rev. Genet 19, 209-252. 2 . Necela, B.M. and Cidlowski, J.A. (2003) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 58-61. 3 . Wang, Z. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 26573-26580. 4 . Rogatsky, I. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14315-14321. 5 . Krstic, M. D. et al. (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 3947-3954.

参考图片

Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells, grown in phenol red-free media containing 5% charcoal-stripped FBS for 2 d and either untreated (left) or treated with dexamethasone (100 nM, 2 hr; right), using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red).激光共聚焦免疫荧光法检测HeLa细胞，细胞在不含酚红，包含5%活性碳/葡聚糖处理FBS中培养2天，之后细胞不处理（左图）或用地塞米松处理（100 nM, 2 hr; 右图），使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb (绿色).肌动蛋白丝用DY-554鬼笔环肽标记（红色）。

Human whole blood was fixed, lysed, and permeabilized as per the Cell Signaling Technology Flow Cytometry (Alternate) Protocol, and stained with CD3-PE, CD19-APC, and Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb. B cell (green) and T cell (blue) population gates (left) were applied to a histogram depicting the mean fluorescence intensity of glucocorticoid receptor, compared to a nonspecific negative control antibody (red; right). Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab)2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #4412 was used as a secondary antibody.人全血经固定、细胞裂解，按每个Cell Signaling Technology流式细胞仪（可选择）操作指南，用CD3-PE, CD19-APC和Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb染色。与一种非特异性阴性对照抗体（红色，右侧）相比，用糖皮质激素受体平均荧光强度直方图描绘的B细胞（绿色）和T细胞（蓝色）类群门（左图）。Anti-rabbit IgG (H+L), F(ab)2 Fragment (Alexa Fluor® 488 结合) #4412作为二抗使用。

A549 cells were cultured in media with 5% charcoal-stripped FBS for 3 d and then either untreated (left panel) or dexamethasone-treated (100 nM, 1 hr; right panel). Chromatin immunoprecipitations were performed with cross-linked chromatin from 4 x 106 cells and 10 µl of Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb or 2 µl of Normal Rabbit IgG #2729 using SimpleChIP® Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (Magnetic Beads) #9003. The enriched DNA was quantified by real-time PCR using SimpleChIP® Human SLC19A2 Promoter Primers #7681, human MT2A promoter primers, and SimpleChIP® Human α Satellite Repeat Primers #4486. The amount of immunoprecipitated DNA in each sample is represented as signal relative to the total amount of input chromatin, which is equivalent to one.A549培养在含5%活性炭/葡聚糖处理FBS的培养基中培养3天，之后细胞不处理（左面板）或用地塞米松处理 (100 nM, 1 hr; 右面板)。通过交联染色质进行染色质免疫沉淀，交联染色质来自于4 x 106个细胞和10 µl Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb或2 µl Normal Rabbit IgG #2729，使用的试剂盒为SimpleChIP® Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (Magnetic Beads) #9003.通过real-time PCR 方法，对提取的DNA进行量化，使用的引物为SimpleChIP® Human SLC19A2 Promoter Primers #7681, human MT2A promoter primers和SimpleChIP® Human α Satellite Repeat Primers #4486. 在每个样品中的免疫沉淀的DNA量表示为相当于加入染色质的总量，相当于一个。

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.Western blot方法检测多个细胞系提取物，使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.

Immunoprecipitation of glucocorticoid receptor from HeLa cell extracts using Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (lane 2) or Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb (lane 3). Lane 1 is 10% input. Western blot analysis was performed using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫沉淀方法检测HeLa细胞提取物的糖皮质激素受体，使用的抗体为Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (泳道 2)或Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb (泳道3).泳道1是10%加入10%蛋白。用Western blot方法检测，使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded HeLa cell pellets, untreated (left) or dexamethasone-treated (right), using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋HeLa细胞球，细胞不处理（左图）或地塞米松处理（右图），使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human prostate carcinoma using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的人前列腺癌组织，使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.

Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, either mock transfected (-) or transfected with constructs expressing Myc/DDK-tagged full-length human glucocorticoid receptor-α (hGRα-Myc/DDK; +) or Myc/DDK-tagged full-length human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR-Myc/DDK; +), using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or DYKDDDDK Tag Antibody #2368 (lower).Western blot方法检测293T细胞提取物，细胞不转染（-）或用构建表达Myc/DDK-标记的全长人糖皮质激素受体α (hGRα-Myc/DDK; +)或Myc/DDK标记的全长人盐皮质激素受体(hMR-Myc/DDK; +),使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb (上图)或DYKDDDDK Tag Antibody #2368 (下图).

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse stomach using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的小鼠胃组织，使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的人结肠癌组织，使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.免疫组织化学方法检测石蜡包埋的人肺癌组织，使用的抗体为Glucocorticoid Receptor (D6H2L) XP® Rabbit mAb.