Figure A. FITC conjugated hamster anti mouse CD11c (MCA1369F) and Alexa647® conjugated rat IgG2b isotype control (MCA6006A647). Figure B. FITC conjugated hamster anti mouse CD11c (MCA1369F) and AlexaFluor647® conjugated rat anti mouse CD11b (MCA74A647). All experiments performed on murine bone marrow in the presence of murine SeroBlock (BUF041A).

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Rat anti MouseCD11b antibody, clone M1/70.15 used to identify murine microglia in vitro by immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Immunocytochemical characterisation of cultures of mouse microglia. Cultures of microglia were immunostained with anti-CD11b (a) and anti-GFAP (c). Cultures of astrocytes were immunostained with anti-CD11b (c) and anti-GFAP (d). All cells were also counterstained with DAPI (blue) to identify the cells' nuclei.

From: Ferger AI, Campanelli L, Reimer V, Muth KN, Merdian I, Ludolph AC, Witting A.
Effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on the immunological properties of microglia.
J Neuroinflammation. 2010 Aug 11;7:45.

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Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody, clone M1/70.15 (MCA74G) used for the localization of microglia in murine brain tissue sections by immunofluorescence
Image caption:
HCT1026 inhibits MPTP-induced increased reactive Mac-1⁺ microglia in striatum and SNpc. Ageing (9-11 month-old) C57Bl/6 mice fed with a control (ct) or HCT1026 diets (30 mg kg^-1) starting at -10 d, underwent an MPTP treatment, as described. At different time-intervals mice were anesthetized and rapidly perfused, the brains processed for immunohistochemistry. Coronal sections at the level of the striatum and SNpc were stained with Mac-1-Ab to localize microglial cells. A-B: Reactive (ameboid-like) microglial cells were counted at different time-intervals after saline and MPTP injection (n = 4/experimental group) in mice fed with a ct or HCT1026 diets, within both Str (A-G) and SNpc (H-N). Differences were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test, and considered significant when p <0.05. **p <0.05 vs saline; *° p <0.05 vs MPTP mice fed with ct diet. B-E: Representative confocal images of Mac-1 staining (green) in saline (B), 3 d after MPTP in mice fed with ct diet (C, 20× and D, 40×) or HCT1026 (F, 20× and G, 40×). Insets (100×) show microglia morphologic appearance. I-N: Representative confocal images of Mac-1 staining (red) in SNpc. Note the high density of reactive Mac-1⁺ cells with rounded cell bodies and short, thick processes 3 d after MPTP administration in mice fed with a ct diet (J-K), as compared to Mac-1 microglia of mice fed with HCT1026 (M-N), exhibiting a more elongated cell body and long ramified processes.

From: L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Caniglia S, Testa N, Serra PA, Impagnatiello F, Morale MC, Marchetti B.
Combining nitric oxide release with anti-inflammatory activity preserves nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation and prevents motor impairment in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease.
J Neuroinflammation. 2010 Nov 23;7:83.

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Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody, clone M1/70.15 (MCA74G) used for the localization of microglia in murine brain tissue sections by immunofluorescence
Image caption:
HCT1026 inhibits MPTP-induced increased Mac-1, PHOX, iNOX and 3-Nitrotyrosine expression in SNpc. A-B: Western blotting of phagocyte oxidase PHOX (A) and Mac-1 (B) within the VM at different time-intervals after saline or MPTP injection in mice fed with the control or HCT1026 diet. The data from experimental bands were normalized to β-actin, before statistical analysis of variance. Values are expressed as % of saline-injected controls. Differences were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test, and considered significant when p <0.05. * p <0.05 compared to saline; ° p <0.05 vs MPTP fed with the control diet. C. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR for iNOS. The 250 ng of cDNA were used for PCR, by using Super Taq DNA polymerase with specific primer pairs for iNOS (500 bp) and Classic GADPH Standard (270 bp). Samples from PCR reactions were processed as described. Fluorescent bands of amplified gene products were analyzed, the values normalized against GADPH and ratios expressed as % of control, within each experimental group (C), see text for details. Differences were analyzed by ANOVA as above. ** p <0.05 vs saline; ° p <0.05 vs MPTP + control diet. D: Mean numbers of Mac1⁺iNOS⁺ cells within the SNpc in saline and MPTP mice fed with the control or HCT1026 diet. Cell counts obtained as described in Material section. E-F: Representative confocal images showing double staining with Mac-1 (green) and iNOS (red) in MPTP mice fed with the control (E) or HCT1026 (F) diets. G: Percent (%) of TH⁺ neurons colocalizing with 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), a peroxynitrite footprint. Dual stained TH⁺3-NT⁺ neurons were counted as described and values expressed as % of total TH⁺ neurons. H-I: Representative confocal images showing dual immunostaining with 3-NT (green) and TH (red) in MPTP mice fed with a ct diet (H) showing that a large proportion of DAergic neurons colocalize (orange-to-yellow) as opposed to TH neurons of mice fed with HCT1026 (E) where no colocalization was observed in the large part of SNpc neurons.

From: L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Caniglia S, Testa N, Serra PA, Impagnatiello F, Morale MC, Marchetti B.
Combining nitric oxide release with anti-inflammatory activity preserves nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation and prevents motor impairment in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease.
J Neuroinflammation. 2010 Nov 23;7:83.

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Rat anti mouse CD11b antibody, clone M1/70.15 (MCA74G) used for the assessment of CD11b expression by activated N9 microglial cells using immunofluorescence.
Image caption:
Localization of CD11b and p-STAT3 immunoreactivity in activated N9 cells. Experiments were performed as described above. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was performed on cultures that were immunoreacted with antibodies against phospho-STAT3 tyr705 (left, rabbit monoclonal, 1:100; FITC-conjugated sheep anti- rabbit secondary, 1:200) and CD11b (right, as Figure 1 shows) at 12 h after EMF exposure (A-L). (A-C) Untreated cultures were used as a control. (D-F) Cultures pretreated with P6 (10 μM). (G-I) EMF induced more phosphorylation of STAT3 (green) and expression of CD11b (red) in N9 cells. (J-L) P6 inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of CD11b at 12 h after EMF exposure. (M-O) P6 pretreatment significantly suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3, but a slight and significant increase of CD11b is still apparent at 3 h after EMF exposure. Scale bar 10 μm. (P) Bar graphs show semi-quantification of fluorescence intensity for p-STAT3 and CD11b in N9 cells. Results are presented as mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. Statistical comparisons to control are indicated by * p <0.05; ** p <0.01.

From: Yang X, He G, Hao Y, Chen C, Li M, Wang Y, Zhang G, Yu Z.
The role of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in pro-inflammatory responses of EMF-stimulated N9 microglial cells.
J Neuroinflammation. 2010 Sep 9;7:54.

Immunoperoxidase staining of mouse lymph node cryosection using Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody (MCA74) followed by horseradish peroxidase conjugated Goat anti Rat IgG (STAR72). Low power

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AlexaFluor®646 conjugated Rat ati mouse CD11b antibody, clone M1/70.15 used for the evaluation of CD11b expression on immortalized murine microglia by flow cytometry.expression
Image caption:
IMG cells display similar morphology to primary microglia and express the microglia markers CD11b and F4/80. a Representative DIC images of IMG, BV-2, and primary adult microglial cells. Images are at ×40 magnification. b Flow cytometry of IMG cells. Representative zebra plot (left panel) of IMG showing a population of >95 % was gated for the analysis of IMG F4/80 (middle panel) and CD11b (right panel) expression (filled trace) by flow cytometry. Isotype controls (open trace) are also included in the graphs

From: McCarthy RC, Lu DY, Alkhateeb A, Gardeck AM, Lee CH, Wessling-Resnick M.
Characterization of a novel adult murine immortalized microglial cell line and its activation by amyloid-beta.
J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Jan 27;13:21.

Immunoperoxidase staining of mouse lymph node cryosection using Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody (MCA74) followed by horseradish peroxidase conjugated Goat anti Rat IgG (STAR72). Medium power

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Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody, clone M1/70.15 (MCA74G) used for identification of CD11b expressing cells in murine sciatic nerves by immunofluorescence on cryosections.
Image caption:
Overexpression of ERp57 in transgenic mice increases axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
(A) Non-Tg and Tg-ERp57 mice were damaged and sciatic nerves were extracted at 7, 11 and 14 days post-injury (dpi). Transversal semi-thin sections were obtained from the distal region and remyelinated axons (white arrows) and degenerated myelins (black arrows) were analyzed. (B) Quantification of remyelinated axons and (C) degenerated myelin density was measured at 7, 11 and 14 days post-injury. (D) Tg- ERp57 and Non-Tg sciatic nerves were processed for immunofluorescence in uninjured conditions and at 14 dpi. Sciatic nerves were analyzed for MBP (red), Cd11b (green) and nuclei were stained using DAPI (blue). (E) The staining density for Cd11b was quantified 14 days after injury (right panel). Data is presented as mean ± S.E.M. * p <0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p <0.001. For histological analysis, statistical differences were obtained using a student's t-test (n = 3 animals per group). Scale bar: 20μm.

From: Castillo V, Oñate M, Woehlbier U, Rozas P, Andreu C, Medinas D, et al. (2015)
Functional Role of the Disulfide Isomerase ERp57 in Axonal Regeneration.
PLoS ONE 10(9): e0136620.

Immunoperoxidase staining of mouse lymph node cryosection using Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody (MCA74) followed by horseradish peroxidase conjugated Goat anti Rat IgG (STAR72). High power

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Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody, clone M1/70.15 (MCA74G) used for identification of CD11b expressing cells in murine sciatic nerves by immunofluorescence on cryosections.
Image caption:
ERp57 overexpression reduces axonal degeneration.
(A) Electron microscopy of Non-Tg and Tg-ERp57 uninjured and 14 days-damaged nerves. In uninjured conditions white arrowheads indicate axoplasm of myelinated fibers, black arrowheads, compact myelin sheaths and asterisks, unmyelinated fibers. At 14 days post-injury black arrows indicated degenerated myelins and white arrows, remyelinated axons. Scale bar: 4μm. (B) hERp57 mRNA levels were determined in macrophages isolated from alveoli of Non-Tg and Tg-ERp57 mice after cell sorting of Cd11b-positive cells using real-time PCR (n = 2 per group). Cortex tissue from these animals was used as positive control. (C) Non-Tg and Tg-ERp57 mice were damaged and sciatic nerves were extracted at 14 days post-injury. Contralateral uninjured nerves were used as control. Transversal slides were processed for immunofluorescence for FLAG (red), MBP (green) and DAPI (blue) to identify Schwann cells. (D) Animals described in C were used for immunofluorescence to stain FLAG (red), Cd11b (green) and DAPI (blue) to analyse the infiltrating macrophage population. At the right panels, magnifications of indicated areas are shown. Scale bar: 20 mm. In B data are shown as mean.

From: Castillo V, Oñate M, Woehlbier U, Rozas P, Andreu C, Medinas D, et al. (2015)
Functional Role of the Disulfide Isomerase ERp57 in Axonal Regeneration.
PLoS ONE 10(9): e0136620.

Immunofluorescence staining of mouse lymph node cryosection using Rat anti Mouse CD11b antibody (MCA74), green in A and Rat anti Mouse CD8 antibody (MCA1108), red in B, Merged image in C