| 货号 | 10500-100ug |
| 描述 | Protein Arginine Deiminases (PADs) are guanidino-modifying enzymes belonging to the amidinotransferase superfamily and are designated PAD1-4 and PAD6. All enzymes are cytosolic except for PAD4 which is localized in the nucleus.1 PAD4 is a homodimer that functions as a transcriptional coregulator to catalyze the conversion of specific arginine residues to citrulline in a calcium-dependent manner. PAD4 substrates include histones H2A, H3, and H4, whose post-translational modifications play a large role in gene regulation.2 Benzoylated arginine substrates like N-α-Benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) have proven to be useful tools for characterization of PAD4, having similar kinetic properties to the natural substrates.3 PAD4 itself can undergo autocitrullination at several sites, which inhibits its enzymatic activity and may play an important role in regulating citrullination in cells.4 PAD4 activity is increased in rheumatoid arthritis, producing an abundance of citrulline-containing proteins that can be recognized by autoantibodies, which cause the immune system to attack its own tissues.5 PAD4 has also been implicated in several other diseases including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, glaucoma, and cancer.2 |
| 别名 | PADI4;PADI5;PDI5;Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4;Protein Arginine Deiminase 4; |
| 供应商 | Cayman |
| 应用文献 | |
| 1.Shirai, H.,Blundell, T.L. and Mizuguchi, K. A novel superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the modification of guanidino groups. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 26(8), 465-468 (2001). 2.Jones, J.E.,Causey, C.P.,Knuckley, B., et al. Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4): Current understanding and future therapeutic potential. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. 12(5), 616-627 (2009). 3.Kearney, P.L.,Bhatia, M.,Jones, N.G., et al. Kinetic characterization of protein arginine deiminase 4: A transcriptional corepressor implicated in the onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Biochemistry 44, 10570-10582 (2005). 4.Andrade, F.,Darrah, E.,Gucek, M., et al. Autocitrullination of human peptidylarginine deiminase 4 regulates protein citrullination during cell activation. Arthritis and Rheumatism 62(6), 1630-1640 (2010). 5.Hill, J.A.,Southwood, S.,Sette, A., et al. Cutting edge: The conversion of arginine to citrulline allows for a high-affinity peptide interaction with the rheumatoid arthritis-associated HLA-DRB1*0401 MHC class II molecule. Journal of Immunology 171, 538-541 (2003). | |
| 运输条件 | Dry ice in continental US; may vary elsewhere |
| 存放说明 | -80 |
| 纯度 | ≥80% estimated by SDS-PAGE |
| 稳定性 | ≥ 9 months |
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