| 货号 | 14011S |
| 使用方法 | For a 1 mg/ml stock, reconstitute the 10 mg in 10 ml sterile PBS. Working concentrations and length of treatment can vary depending on the desired effect, but it is typically used at 10-1000 µg/ml for 15 min-24 hours. Soluble in PBS and cell culture medium at 5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml, respectively. |
| 供应商 | CST |
| 背景 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a major glycolipid constituent of the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. LPS molecules typically consist of a strain-specific distal polysaccharide side chain known as the O-antigen, a hydrophilic core oligosaccharide, and a hydrophobic domain referred to as lipid A. Lipid A is covalently bound to the outer bacterial membrane and is responsible for the toxicity of LPS (1-3). LPS is a potent activator of the proinflammatory response in many mammalian cell types, including macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Investigators have demonstrated that LPS binds to the CD14/TLR4/MD2 receptor complex, which in turn induces inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, Interleukin-1, and IFN-α, as well as numerous inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, NF-κB, RIG-1, and IRF-3 (4-6). |
| 存放说明 | 4C |
| 参考文献 | 1 . Raetz, C.R. and Whitfield, C. (2002) Annu Rev Biochem 71, 635-700. 2 . Rietschel, E.T. et al. (1994) FASEB J 8, 217-25. 3 . Maeshima, N. and Fernandez, R.C. (2013) Front Cell Infect Microbiol 3, 3. 4 . Pålsson-McDermott, E.M. and ONeill, L.A. (2004) Immunology 113, 153-62. 5 . Wang, J. et al. (2008) J Immunol 180, 8011-9. 6 . Zhang, F.X. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 7611-4. |
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1 cells, differentiated with TPA #4174 (80 nM for 24 hr) and treated with 1 μg/ml LPS for the indicated times, using Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (93H1) Rabbit mAb #3033 (upper) and NF-κB p65 (C22B4) Rabbit mAb #4764 (lower). | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1 cells, untreated (-) or LPS-treated (100 ng/mL, 3 hr; +), using IL-1β (3A6) Mouse mAb #12242 (upper) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). |
