MicroRNA-381 inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting TMEM16A expression
Authors: Q Cao, F Liu, K Ji, N Liu, Y He, W Zhang, L Wang
J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res, 2017;36(1):29.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Exosomes in Human Breast Milk Promote EMT
Authors: W Qin, Y Tsukasaki, S Dasgupta, N Mukhopadhy, M Ikebe, ER Sauter
Clin Cancer Res, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Lysates

Remyelination Is Correlated with Regulatory T Cell Induction Following Human Embryoid Body-Derived Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Warren C Plaisted
PLoS ONE, 2016;11(6):e0157620.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Whole Cells

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGF?)-dependent smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation
Sci Rep, 2016;6(0):33407.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

An Inducible TGF-beta2-TGFbetaR Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases.
Authors: Kleczko E, Kim J, Keysar S, Heasley L, Eagles J, Simon M, Marshall M, Singleton K, Jimeno A, Tan A, Heasley L
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(5):e0123600.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Differential knockdown of TGF-beta ligands in a three-dimensional co-culture tumor- stromal interaction model of lung cancer.
Authors: Horie M, Saito A, Noguchi S, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshima M, Morishita Y, Suzuki H, Kohyama T, Nagase T
BMC Cancer, 2014;14(0):580.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

TGF-beta signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement.
Authors: Bialas A, Stevens B
Nat Neurosci, 2013;16(12):1773-82.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Vitamin D favorably alters the cancer promoting prostaglandin cascade.
Authors: Qin W, Smith C, Jensen M, Holick M, Sauter E
Anticancer Res, 2013;33(9):3861-6.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Differential expression of cancer associated proteins in breast milk based on age at first full term pregnancy.
Authors: Qin W, Zhang K, Kliethermes B, Ruhlen RL, Browne EP, Arcaro KF, Sauter ER
BMC Cancer, 2012;12(0):100.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Milk

An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Authors: Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Smith E, Bert AG, Wright JA, Roslan S, Morris M, Wyatt L, Farshid G, Lim YY, Lindeman GJ, Shannon MF, Drew PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ
Mol. Biol. Cell, 2011;22(10):1686-98.
Species: Canine
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Mechanisms inducing low bone density in duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans.
Authors: Rufo A, Del Fattore A, Capulli M, Carvello F, De Pasquale L, Ferrari S, Pierroz D, Morandi L, De Simone M, Rucci N, Bertini E, Bianchi ML, De Benedetti F, Teti A
J. Bone Miner. Res., 2011;26(8):1891-903.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Maternal country of origin, breast milk characteristics and potential influences on immunity in offspring.
Authors: Holmlund U, Amoudruz P, Johansson MA, Haileselassie Y, Ongoiba A, Kayentao K, Traore B, Doumbo S, Schollin J, Doumbo O, Montgomery SM, Sverremark-Ekstrom E
Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2010;162(3):500-9.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Milk

Urinary proinflammatory cytokine response in renal transplant recipients with polyomavirus BK viruria.
Authors: Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Schnitzler P, Lahdou I, Naujokat C, Zeier M, Opelz G
Transplantation, 2009;88(9):1109-16.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Urine

Potent inhibition of cicatricial contraction in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases by statins.
Authors: Kawahara S, Hata Y, Kita T, Arita R, Miura M, Nakao S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Kagimoto T, Goto Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ishibashi T
Diabetes, 2008;57(10):2784-93.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Vitreous Humor

Connexin43 knockdown accelerates wound healing but inhibits mesenchymal transition after corneal endothelial injury in vivo.
Authors: Nakano Y, Oyamada M, Dai P, Nakagami T, Kinoshita S, Takamatsu T
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008;49(1):93-104.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: Aqueous humor

Connective tissue growth factor as a mediator of intraocular fibrosis.
Authors: He S, Chen Y, Khankan R, Barron E, Burton R, Zhu D, Ryan SJ, Oliver N, Hinton DR
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008;49(9):4078-88.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Interferon-gamma differentially regulates TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through JAK-STAT pathway.
Authors: Nagineni CN, Cherukuri KS, Kutty V, Detrick B, Hooks JJ
J. Cell. Physiol., 2007;210(1):192-200.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Short communication: decreasing soluble CD30 and increasing IFN-gamma plasma levels are indicators of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Authors: Sadeghi M, Susal C, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Zimmermann R, Huth-Kuhne A, Opelz G
AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2007;23(7):886-90.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Tumor-derived TGFbeta-1 induces dendritic cell apoptosis in the sentinel lymph node.
Authors: Ito M, Minamiya Y, Kawai H, Saito S, Saito H, Nakagawa T, Imai K, Hirokawa M, Ogawa J
J. Immunol., 2006;176(9):5637-43.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates

Strong inflammatory cytokine response in male and strong anti-inflammatory response in female kidney transplant recipients with urinary tract infection.
Authors: Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Wiesel M, Hergesell O, Opelz G
Transpl. Int., 2005;18(2):177-85.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Expression of connective tissue growth factor after glaucoma filtration surgery in a rabbit model.
Authors: Esson DW, Neelakantan A, Iyer SA, Blalock TD, Balasubramanian L, Grotendorst GR, Schultz GS, Sherwood MB
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2004;45(2):485-91.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates

T cell-specific ablation of Fas leads to Fas ligand-mediated lymphocyte depletion and inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: Hao Z, Hampel B, Yagita H, Rajewsky K
J. Exp. Med., 2004;199(10):1355-65.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Serum

Effect of ozone exposure on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: Chen LL, Tager IB, Peden DB, Christian DL, Ferrando RE, Welch BS, Balmes JR
Chest, 2004;125(6):2328-35.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Airway Lavage

Role of transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk for initiation of IgA production in newborn infants.
Authors: Ogawa J, Sasahara A, Yoshida T, Sira MM, Futatani T, Kanegane H, Miyawaki T
Early Hum. Dev., 2004;77(1):67-75.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Colostrum

Gene transfer of soluble TGF-beta type II receptor inhibits experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Authors: Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Hisatomi T, Tsutsumi C, Ueno H, Ishibashi T
Gene Ther., 2002;9(18):1214-20.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Type: Vitreous Humor

Circadian variations of transforming growth factor-beta2 and basic fibroblast growth factor in the rabbit aqueous humor.
Authors: Liu JH
Curr. Eye Res., 2002;24(1):75-80.
Species: Rabbit
Sample Type: Aqueous humor

AF5, a CNS cell line immortalized with an N-terminal fragment of SV40 large T: growth, differentiation, genetic stability, and gene expression.
Authors: Truckenmiller ME, Vawter MP, Zhang P, Conejero-Goldberg C, Dillon-Carter O, Morales N, Cheadle C, Becker KG, Freed WJ
Exp. Neurol., 2002;175(0):318.
Species: Rat
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Progesterone upregulates TGF-b isoforms (b1, b2, and b3) expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells.
Authors: Luo XH, Liao EY, Su X
Calcif. Tissue Int., 2002;71(4):329-34.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Transforming growth factor-beta -Smad signaling pathway cooperates with NF-kappa B to mediate nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced MUC2 mucin transcription.
Authors: Jono H, Shuto T, Xu H, Kai H, Lim DJ, Gum JR, Kim YS, Yamaoka S, Feng XH, Li JD
J. Biol. Chem., 2002;277(47):45547-57.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Ovariectomy increases mitogens and platelet-induced proliferation of arterial smooth muscle.
Authors: Bracamonte MP, Rud KS, Owen WG, Miller VM
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2002;283(3):H853-60.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Cell Lysates

Transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk: a potential regulator of atopic disease at an early age.
Authors: Kalliomaki M, Ouwehand A, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Isolauri E
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 1999;104(6):1251-7.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Milk

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, 2, and 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that virtually all cell types secrete. TGF-beta molecules are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeted deletions of these genes in mice show that each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions: TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems; and TGF-beta 3 influences palatogenesis and pulmonary development. The full range of in vitro biological activities of TGF-beta 5 has not yet been explored. However, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 have been found to be largely interchangeable in an inhibitory bioassay, and it is anticipated that TGF-beta 5 will show a spectrum of activities similar to the other TGF-beta family members. To date, the production of TGF-beta 5 has only been demonstrated in Xenopus.

TGF-beta ligands are initially synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo proteolytic cleavage. The mature segments form active ligand dimers via a disulfide-rich core consisting of the characteristic cysteine knot. TGF-beta signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, either ALK-1 or TGF-beta RI (also called ALK-5). The activated type I receptor phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for distinct actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.

• Airway Inflammation and Remodeling
• Cytokines and Receptors in Allergy and Asthma
• Cytokines and Receptors in Angiogenesis
• Early Mesodermal Lineage Markers
• EMT Induction
• Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC)
• TGF-beta Family
• TGF-beta Family Ligands