The Quantikine IVD Human Epo ELISA is designed to measure Epo levels in serum or plasma in less than 4.5 hours (or less than 2.5 hours using the shaker protocol) for the quantitative determination of erythropoietin (Epo) concentration in human serum and plasma as an aid in the diagnosis of anemia and polycythemia. For in vitro diagnostic use.

Erythropoietin Slows Photoreceptor Cell Death in a Mouse Model of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Tonia S Rex
PLoS ONE, 2016;11(6):e0157411.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Serum

PlanHab: Hypoxia counteracts the erythropoietin suppression, but seems to exaggerate the plasma volume reduction induced by 3�weeks of bed rest
Authors: ME Keramidas, IB Mekjavic, R Kölegård, A Choukèr, C Strewe, O Eiken
Physiol Rep, 2016;4(7):.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Revisiting Biomarkers of Total-Body and Partial-Body Exposure in a Baboon Model of Irradiation.
Authors: Valente M, Denis J, Grenier N, Arvers P, Foucher B, Desangles F, Martigne P, Chaussard H, Drouet M, Abend M, Herodin F
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(7):e0132194.
Species: Primate - Papio Anubis
Sample Type: Plasma

Sequence-engineered mRNA Without Chemical Nucleoside Modifications Enables an Effective Protein Therapy in Large Animals.
Authors: Thess A, Grund S, Mui B, Hope M, Baumhof P, Fotin-Mleczek M, Schlake T
Mol Ther, 2015;23(9):1456-64.
Species: Primate - macaca fascicularis
Sample Type: Serum

Mimicking hypoxia to treat anemia: HIF-stabilizer BAY 85-3934 (Molidustat) stimulates erythropoietin production without hypertensive effects.
Authors: Flamme I, Oehme F, Ellinghaus P, Jeske M, Keldenich J, Thuss U
PLoS ONE, 2014;9(11):e111838.
Species: Primate - Cynomolgus Monkey
Sample Type: Plasma

Mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells correlates with the clinical course of hantavirus disease.
Authors: Krautkramer E, Grouls S, Hettwer D, Rafat N, Tonshoff B, Zeier M
J Virol, 2014;88(1):483-9.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Transgene regulation using the tetracycline-inducible TetR-KRAB system after AAV-mediated gene transfer in rodents and nonhuman primates.
Authors: Le Guiner C, Stieger K, Toromanoff A, Guilbaud M, Mendes-Madeira A, Devaux M, Guigand L, Cherel Y, Moullier P, Rolling F, Adjali O
PLoS ONE, 2014;9(9):e102538.
Species: Macaca fascicularis
Sample Type: Serum

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in patients with beta thalassemia major: molecular analysis with attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study as a novel method.
Stem Cells Dev., 2012;21(11):2000-11.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Bone Marrow Plasma

Longevity of rAAV vector and plasmid DNA in blood after intramuscular injection in nonhuman primates: implications for gene doping.
Authors: Ni W, Le Guiner C, Gernoux G
Gene Ther., 2011;18(7):709-18.
Species: Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating or Cynomolgus macaque)
Sample Type: Serum

Hypoxia-inducible factors in human pulmonary arterial hypertension: a link to the intrinsic myeloid abnormalities.
Authors: Farha S, Asosingh K, Xu W, Sharp J, George D, Comhair S, Park M, Tang WH, Loyd JE, Theil K, Tubbs R, Hsi E, Lichtin A, Erzurum SC
Blood, 2011;117(13):3485-93.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Two large preoperative doses of erythropoietin do not reduce the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery.
Authors: Poulsen TD, Andersen LW, Steinbruchel D, Gotze JP, Jorgensen OS, Olsen NV
J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth., 2009;23(3):316-23.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Influence of inflammation as measured by alpha-1-acid glycoprotein on iron status indicators among HIV-positive postpartum Zimbabwean women.
Authors: Rawat R, Stoltzfus RJ, Ntozini R, Mutasa K, Iliff PJ, Humphrey JH
Eur J Clin Nutr, 2009;63(6):787-93.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Alterations of systemic and muscle iron metabolism in human subjects treated with low-dose recombinant erythropoietin.
Authors: Robach P, Recalcati S, Girelli D, Gelfi C, Aachmann-Andersen NJ, Thomsen JJ, Norgaard AM, Alberghini A, Campostrini N, Castagna A, Vigano A, Santambrogio P, Kempf T, Wollert KC, Moutereau S, Lundby C, Cairo G
Blood, 2009;113(26):6707-15.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Increased plasma EPO and MIP-1 alpha are associated with recruitment of vascular progenitors but not CD34(+) cells in autologous peripheral blood stem cell grafts.
Authors: Labonte L, Li Y, Yang L, Gillingham A, Halpenny M, Giulivi A, Sills T, Evans K, Zanke B, Allan DS
Exp. Hematol., 2009;37(6):673-8.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Iron metabolism in heterozygotes for hemoglobin E (HbE), alpha-thalassemia 1, or beta-thalassemia and in compound heterozygotes for HbE/beta-thalassemia.
Authors: Zimmermann MB, Fucharoen S, Winichagoon P, Sirankapracha P, Zeder C, Gowachirapant S, Judprasong K, Tanno T, Miller JL, Hurrell RF
Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2008;88(4):1026-31.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Thrombopoietin Mimetic Peptide RWJ-800088 in Humans.
Authors: Liem-Moolenaar M, Cerneus D, Molloy C, End D, Brown K, de Kam M, Cohen A, van Hensbergen Y, Burggraaf J
2008;84(0):481.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Role of Gas6 in erythropoiesis and anemia in mice.
Authors: Angelillo-Scherrer A, Burnier L, Lambrechts D, Fish RJ, Tjwa M, Plaisance S, Sugamele R, DeMol M, Martinez-Soria E, Maxwell PH, Lemke G, Goff SP, Matsushima GK, Earp HS, Chanson M, Collen D, Izui S, Schapira M, Conway EM, Carmeliet P
J. Clin. Invest., 2008;118(2):583-96.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Pulmonary arterial hypertension and left-sided heart disease in sickle cell disease: clinical characteristics and association with soluble adhesion molecule expression.
Authors: Klings ES, Anton Bland D, Rosenman D, Princeton S, Odhiambo A, Li G, Bernard SA, Steinberg MH, Farber HW
Am. J. Hematol., 2008;83(7):547-53.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Oral administration of doxycycline allows tight control of transgene expression: a key step towards gene therapy of retinal diseases.
Authors: Stieger K, Mendes-Madeira A, Meur GL, Weber M, Deschamps JY, Nivard D, Provost N, Moullier P, Rolling F
Gene Ther., 2007;14(23):1668-73.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey)
Sample Type: anterior chamber eye fluid

Increased circulating endothelial progenitor cells in septic patients: correlation with survival.
Authors: Rafat N, Hanusch C, Brinkkoetter PT, Schulte J, Brade J, Zijlstra JG, van der Woude FJ, van Ackern K, Yard BA, Beck GCh
Crit. Care Med., 2007;35(7):1677-84.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Progress toward a nonviral gene therapy protocol for the treatment of anemia.
Authors: Sebestyen MG, Hegge JO, Noble MA, Lewis DL, Herweijer H, Wolff JA
Hum. Gene Ther., 2007;18(3):269-85.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey)
Sample Type: Serum

Selective functional exhaustion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow of patients with postinfarction heart failure.
Authors: Kissel CK, Lehmann R, Assmus B, Aicher A, Honold J, Fischer-Rasokat U, Heeschen C, Spyridopoulos I, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2007;49(24):2341-9.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Cerebrospinal fluid erythropoietin (EPO) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Brettschneider J, Widl K, Schattauer D, Ludolph AC, Tumani H
Neurosci. Lett., 2007;416(3):257-60.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Strong iron demand during hypoxia-induced erythropoiesis is associated with down-regulation of iron-related proteins and myoglobin in human skeletal muscle.
Authors: Robach P, Cairo G, Gelfi C, Bernuzzi F, Pilegaard H, Vigano A, Santambrogio P, Cerretelli P, Calbet JA, Moutereau S, Lundby C
Blood, 2007;109(11):4724-31.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Long-term doxycycline-regulated transgene expression in the retina of nonhuman primates following subretinal injection of recombinant AAV vectors.
Authors: Stieger K, Le Meur G, Lasne F, Weber M, Deschamps JY, Nivard D, Mendes-Madeira A, Provost N, Martin L, Moullier P, Rolling F
Mol. Ther., 2006;13(5):967-75.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey)
Sample Type: Vitreous Humor

Erythropoiesis abnormalities contribute to early-onset anemia in patients with septic shock.
Authors: Claessens YE, Fontenay M, Pene F, Chiche JD, Guesnu M, Hababou C, Casadevall N, Dhainaut JF, Mira JP, Cariou A
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2006;174(1):51-7.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Effects of chronic hypoxia in vivo on the expression of human placental glucose transporters.
Authors: Zamudio S, Baumann MU, Illsley NP
Placenta, 2006;27(1):49-55.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Circulating endothelial cells and angiogenic serum factors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy of primary breast cancer.
Authors: Furstenberger G, von Moos R, Lucas R, Thurlimann B, Senn HJ, Hamacher J, Boneberg EM
Br. J. Cancer, 2006;94(4):524-31.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Evidence for downregulation of erythropoietin receptor in bone marrow erythroid cells of patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia.
Authors: Pontikoglou C, Liapakis G, Pyrovolaki K, Papadakis M, Bux J, Eliopoulos GD, Papadaki HA
Exp. Hematol., 2006;34(10):1312-22.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Haemoglobin E beta thalassaemia in Sri Lanka.
Authors: Premawardhena A, Fisher CA, Olivieri NF, De Silva S, Arambepola M, Perera W, O'Donnell A, ODonnell A, ODonnell A, ODonnell A, ODonnell A, Peto TE, Viprakasit V, Merson L, Muraca G, Weatherall DJ
Lancet, 2005;366(9495):1467-70.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Long-term pharmacologically regulated expression of erythropoietin in primates following AAV-mediated gene transfer.
Authors: Rivera VM, Gao GP, Grant RL, Schnell MA, Zoltick PW, Rozamus LW, Clackson T, Wilson JM
Blood, 2005;105(4):1424-30.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey)
Sample Type: Serum

Expansion of human SCID-repopulating cells under hypoxic conditions.
Authors: Danet GH, Pan Y, Luongo JL, Bonnet DA, Simon MC
J. Clin. Invest., 2003;112(1):126-35.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Monoclonal myelopoiesis and subnormal erythropoietin concentration are independent risk factors for thromboembolic complications in essential thrombocythemia.
Authors: Andreasson B, Harrison C, Lindstedt G, Linch D, Kutti J
Blood, 2003;101(2):783.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Lack of an immune response against the tetracycline-dependent transactivator correlates with long-term doxycycline-regulated transgene expression in nonhuman primates after intramuscular injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus.
Authors: Favre D, Blouin V, Provost N, Spisek R, Porrot F, Bohl D, Marme F, Cherel Y, Salvetti A, Hurtrel B, Heard JM, Riviere Y, Moullier P
J. Virol., 2002;76(22):11605-11.
Species: Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating or Cynomolgus macaque)
Sample Type: Serum

Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and erythropoietin serum levels in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with anemia.
Authors: Capalbo S, Battista C, Delia M, Ciancio A, De Santis G, Dargenio M, Diomede D, Liso V
Acta Haematol., 2002;108(2):84-9.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Erythropoietin therapy for acute stroke is both safe and beneficial.
Authors: Ehrenreich H, Hasselblatt M, Dembowski C, Cepek L, Lewczuk P, Stiefel M, Rustenbeck HH, Breiter N, Jacob S, Knerlich F, Bohn M, Poser W, Ruther E, Kochen M, Gefeller O, Gleiter C, Wessel TC, De Ryck M, Itri L, Prange H, Cerami A, Brines M, Siren AL
Mol. Med., 2002;8(8):495-505.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of erythropoietin leads to sustained elevation of hematocrit in nonhuman primates.
Authors: Zhou S, Murphy JE, Escobedo JA, Dwarki VJ
Gene Ther., 1998;5(5):665-70.
Species: Primate – Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus/Crab-eating Monkey)
Sample Type: Serum

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a 30-kDa, heavily glycosylated protein produced primarily by the kidney. It is the principal factor that regulates erythropoiesis. The production of Epo by kidney cells is increased in response to hypoxia or anemia. The cDNAs for Epo have been cloned from many species. The mature proteins from the various species are highly conserved, exhibiting greater than 80% sequence identity at the amino acid level.

The biological effects of Epo are mediated by the Erythropoietin receptor (Epo R). At the protein sequence level, the human Epo R is approximately 83% identical to the mouse protein. As a result of alternative splicing of the Epo R gene, cDNA clones encoding truncated soluble forms of Epo R have been found. Recombinant soluble Epo R binds Epo with high affinity and is a potent Epo antagonist.

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