Activin A programs the differentiation of human TFH cells
Nat Immunol, 2016;17(8):976-84.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

The differential anti-tumour effects of zoledronic acid in breast cancer - evidence for a role of the activin signaling pathway.
Authors: Wilson C, Ottewell P, Coleman R, Holen I
BMC Cancer, 2015;15(0):55.
Species: Human
Sample Type: cell culture supernate

Activin A is associated with impaired myocardial glucose metabolism and left ventricular remodeling in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Chen W, Greulich S, van der Meer R, Rijzewijk L, Lamb H, de Roos A, Smit J, Romijn J, Ruige J, Lammertsma A, Lubberink M, Diamant M, Ouwens D
Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2013;12(1):150.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Plasma

Mechanisms inducing low bone density in duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans.
Authors: Rufo A, Del Fattore A, Capulli M, Carvello F, De Pasquale L, Ferrari S, Pierroz D, Morandi L, De Simone M, Rucci N, Bertini E, Bianchi ML, De Benedetti F, Teti A
J. Bone Miner. Res., 2011;26(8):1891-903.
Species: Human
Sample Type: Serum

Activin A skews macrophage polarization by promoting a proinflammatory phenotype and inhibiting the acquisition of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers.
Authors: Sierra-Filardi E, Puig-Kroger A, Blanco FJ, Nieto C, Bragado R, Palomero MI, Bernabeu C, Vega MA, Corbi AL
Blood, 2011;117(19):5092-101.
Species: Mouse
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are disulfide-linked dimeric proteins originally purified from gonadal fluids as proteins that stimulated pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Activin proteins have a wide range of biological activities, including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodeling, hematopoiesis and roles in reproductive physiology. Activin isoforms and other members of the TGF-beta superfamily exert their biological effects by binding to heteromeric complexes of a type I and a type II serine-threonine kinase receptor, both of which are essential for signal transduction.

Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms, while inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the various beta subunits. Five beta subunits (mammalian beta A, beta B, beta C, beta E and Xenopus beta D) have been cloned to date. The activin/inhibin nomenclature reflects the subunit composition of the proteins: Activin A (beta A - beta A), Activin B (beta B - beta B), Activin AB (beta A - beta B), Inhibin A (alpha - beta A) and Inhibin B (alpha - beta B).

• Activin Family
• Activins
• Airway Inflammation and Remodeling
• Biomarker Testing Service
• BMPs & Activins Influence FSH Synthesis
• Early Mesodermal Lineage Markers
• ICC / IHC Images: Activin A
• Macrophage Activation Markers
• Mini-review: Activin/Inhibin
• Neural Progenitor Cell Markers
• New Tools: for development research
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
• TGF-beta Superfamily