Inhalation therapy with the synthetic TIP-like peptide AP318 attenuates pulmonary inflammation in a porcine sepsis model.
Authors: Hartmann E, Ziebart A, Thomas R, Liu T, Schad A, Tews M, Moosmann B, Kamuf J, Duenges B, Thal S, David M
BMC Pulm Med, 2015;15(0):7.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Efficacy of linezolid compared to vancomycin in an experimental model of pneumonia induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ventilated pigs.
Authors: Martinez-Olondris P, Rigol M, Soy D, Guerrero L, Agusti C, Quera MA, Li Bassi G, Esperatti M, Luque N, Liapikou M, Filella X, Marco F, de la Bellacasa JP, Torres A
Crit. Care Med., 2012;40(1):162-8.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Risks Associated with High-Dose Lactobacillus rhamnosus in an Escherichia coli Model of Piglet Diarrhoea: Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Imbalances.
Authors: Li XQ, Zhu YH, Zhang HF, Yue Y, Cai ZX, Lu QP, Zhang L, Weng XG, Zhang FJ, Zhou D, Yang JC, Wang JF
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(7):e40666.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Ornithodoros moubata complement inhibitor is an equally effective C5 inhibitor in pigs and humans.
Authors: Barratt-Due A, Thorgersen EB, Lindstad JK, Pharo A, Lissina O, Lambris JD, Nunn MA, Mollnes TE
J. Immunol., 2011;187(9):4913-9.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines rise rapidly during ECMO-related SIRS due to the release of preformed stores in the intestine.
Authors: McILwain RB, Timpa JG, Kurundkar AR
Lab. Invest., 2010;90(1):128-39.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

CD14 inhibition efficiently attenuates early inflammatory and hemostatic responses in Escherichia coli sepsis in pigs.
Authors: Thorgersen EB, Hellerud BC, Nielsen EW, Barratt-Due A, Fure H, Lindstad JK, Pharo A, Fosse E, Tonnessen TI, Johansen HT, Castellheim A, Mollnes TE
FASEB J., 2010;24(3):712-22.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Dissecting the effects of lipopolysaccharides from nonlipopolysaccharide molecules in experimental porcine meningococcal sepsis.
Authors: Hellerud BC, Nielsen EW, Thorgersen EB, Lindstad JK, Pharo A, Tonnessen TI, Castellheim A, Mollnes TE, Brandtzaeg P
Crit. Care Med., 2010;38(6):1467-74.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Metabolic activity of the enteric microbiota influences the fatty acid composition of murine and porcine liver and adipose tissues.
Authors: Wall R, Ross RP, Shanahan F, OMahony L, OMahony C, Coakley M, Hart O, Lawlor P, Quigley EM, Kiely B, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C
Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2009;89(5):1393-401.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Cardiac Function and the Proinflammatory Cytokine Response After Recovery From Cardiac Arrest in Swine.
Authors: Niemann JT, Rosborough JP, Youngquist S, Shah AP, Lewis RJ, Phan QT, Filler SG
J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 2009;0(0):.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce reverse remodelling in chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: Schuleri KH, Feigenbaum GS, Centola M, Weiss ES, Zimmet JM, Turney J, Kellner J, Zviman MM, Hatzistergos KE, Detrick B, Conte JV, McNiece I, Steenbergen C, Lardo AC, Hare JM
Eur. Heart J., 2009;30(22):2722-32.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Effect of linezolid compared with glycopeptides in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus severe pneumonia in piglets.
Authors: Luna CM, Bruno DA, Garcia-Morato J, Mann KC, Risso Patron J, Sagardia J, Absi R, Garcia Bottino M, Marchetti D, Famiglietti A, Baleztena M, Biancolini C
Chest, 2009;135(6):1564-71.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Inhibition of complement and CD14 attenuates the Escherichia coli-induced inflammatory response in porcine whole blood.
Authors: Thorgersen EB, Pharo A, Haverson K, Axelsen AK, Gaustad P, Kotwal GJ, Sfyroera G, Mollnes TE
Infect. Immun., 2009;77(2):725-32.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Whole Blood

Blood concentrations of the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during experimentally induced swine dysentery.
Authors: Kruse R, Essen-Gustavsson B, Fossum C, Jensen-Waern M
Acta Vet. Scand., 2008;50(0):32.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Effects of glucocorticoids in ventilated piglets with severe pneumonia.
Authors: Sibila O, Luna CM, Agusti C, Baquero S, Gando S, Patron JR, Morato JG, Absi R, Bassi N, Torres A
Eur. Respir. J., 2008;32(4):1037-46.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Protective effect of Sivelestat in a porcine hepatectomy model prepared using an intermittent Pringle method.
Authors: Shimoda M, Iwasaki Y, Okada T, Sawada T, Kubota K
Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2008;587(1):248-52.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and cardiomyocyte dysfunction during sustained moderate ischemia in pigs.
Authors: Heinzel FR, Gres P, Boengler K, Duschin A, Konietzka I, Rassaf T, Snedovskaya J, Meyer S, Skyschally A, Kelm M, Heusch G, Schulz R
Circ. Res., 2008;103(10):1120-7.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Cell Lysates

Cytokine secretion depends on Galalpha(1,3)Gal expression in a pig-to-human whole blood model.
Authors: Saethre M, Schneider MK, Lambris JD, Magotti P, Haraldsen G, Seebach JD, Mollnes TE
J. Immunol., 2008;180(9):6346-53.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: evaluation of the associated inflammatory response.
Authors: Sibila O, Agusti C, Torres A, Baquero S, Gando S, Patron JR, Morato JG, Goffredo DH, Bassi N, Luna CM
Eur. Respir. J., 2007;30(6):1167-72.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Involvement of both tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced necrosis and p53-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in nephrotoxicity of cisplatin.
Authors: Yano T, Itoh Y, Matsuo M, Kawashiri T, Egashira N, Oishi R
Apoptosis, 2007;12(10):1901-9.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Activated protein C downregulates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and improves clinical parameters in an in-vivo model of septic shock.
Authors: Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA, Fischer D, Richter B, Blaheta R, Pfeilschifter J, Muhl H, Schranz D, Veldman A
Thromb. Haemost., 2007;98(5):1118-26.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Bidirectional role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in coronary microembolization: progressive contractile dysfunction versus delayed protection against infarction.
Authors: Skyschally A, Gres P, Hoffmann S, Haude M, Erbel R, Schulz R, Heusch G
Circ. Res., 2007;100(1):140-6.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Tissue Homogenates

Experimental severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and antibiotic therapy in piglets receiving mechanical ventilation.
Authors: Luna CM, Baquero S, Gando S, Patron JR, Morato JG, Sibila O, Absi R, Famiglietti A, Vay CA, Von Stecher F, Agusti C, Torres A
Chest, 2007;132(2):523-31.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

The fibrin-derived peptide Bbeta15-42 is cardioprotective in a pig model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Authors: Roesner JP, Petzelbauer P, Koch A, Mersmann J, Zacharowski PA, Boehm O, Reingruber S, Pasteiner W, Mascher D, Wolzt M, Barthuber C, Noldge-Schomburg GE, Scheeren TW, Zacharowski K
Crit. Care Med., 2007;35(7):1730-5.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Proangiogenic effects of protease-activated receptor 2 are tumor necrosis factor-alpha and consecutively Tie2 dependent.
Authors: Zhu T, Sennlaub F, Beauchamp MH, Fan L, Joyal JS, Checchin D, Nim S, Lachapelle P, Sirinyan M, Hou X, Bossolasco M, Rivard GE, Heveker N, Chemtob S
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2006;26(4):744-50.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Role of oxidative stress in remodeling of the myocardial microcirculation in hypertension.
Authors: Zhu XY, Daghini E, Chade AR, Rodriguez-Porcel M, Napoli C, Lerman A, Lerman LO
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2006;26(8):1746-52.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Dietary fatty acid composition rather than vitamin E supplementation influence ex vivo cytokine and eicosanoid response of porcine alveolar macrophages.
Authors: Moller S, Lauridsen C
Cytokine, 2006;35(1):6-12.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Cell Culture Supernates

Conjugated linoleic acid attenuates the production and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in weaned pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: Changhua L, Jindong Y, Defa L, Lidan Z, Shiyan Q, Jianjun X
J. Nutr., 2005;135(2):239-44.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

The effect of warm humidified CO2 on the dissipation of residual gas following laparoscopy in piglets.
Authors: Glew PA, Campher MJ, Pearson K, Schofield JC, Davey AK
J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc, 2004;11(2):204-10.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Serum

Deciphering the involvement of innate immune factors in the development of the host response to PRRSV vaccination.
Authors: Royaee AR, Husmann RJ, Dawson HD, Calzada-Nova G, Schnitzlein WM, Zuckermann FA, Lunney JK
Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2004;102(3):199-216.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Whole Cells

Extracellular ubiquitin inhibits the TNF-alpha response to endotoxin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and regulates endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in critical illness.
Authors: Majetschak M, Krehmeier U, Bardenheuer M, Denz C, Quintel M, Voggenreiter G, Obertacke U
Blood, 2003;101(5):1882-90.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Ex vivo adenoviral vector gene delivery results in decreased vector-associated inflammation pre- and post-lung transplantation in the pig.
Authors: Yeung JC, Wagnetz D, Cypel M, Rubacha M, Koike T, Chun YM, Hu J, Waddell TK, Hwang DM, Liu M, Keshavjee S
Mol. Ther., 212;20(6):1204-11.
Species: Porcine
Sample Type: Plasma

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-α is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types. Human TNF-α consists of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, human TNF-α shares 97% aa sequence identity with rhesus and 71% - 92% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat TNF-α. The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer. Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness.

Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-α by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-α. TNF-α trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. TNF-α regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis. It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. TNF-α is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders. It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism.

• Adipocytokines
• Cancer Biomarkers
• Conventional/Classical Dendritic Cells
• Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules
• Cytokines and Receptors in Allergy and Asthma
• Cytokines and Receptors in Angiogenesis
• Cytokines in Lipid/Cholesterol Metabolism
• Diabetes
• Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
• EMT Induction
• gamma delta T Cells
• ICC / IHC Images: TNF-alpha
• Inflammatory Mediators
• Inflammatory/Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
• Interactive Pathway: Adipocytokines & Insulin Signaling
• Isolation, Culture, and Identification of Natural Killer Cells
• Macrophage Activation Markers
• Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells
• Neuroinflammation
• Obesity
• Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
• Preeclampsia
• Regulation of Apoptosis by TNF Superfamily Members
• Regulation of Natural Killer Cell Co-stimulation by TNF Superfamily Members
• Regulation of T Cell Co-stimulation by TNF Superfamily Members
• T Cell Cytokine Signaling
• Technical Notes: R&D Systems Is With You Every Step of the Way - Analyzing Proteins of Interest
• Th1 Cells
• Th22 Cells
• TNF Superfamily Ligands