| 货号 | 89947T |
| 目标/特异性 | Each antibody in the ER Stress-induced Antibody Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein. Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (D9G8) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous eIF2α only when phosphorylated at Ser51. The antibody does not recognize elF2α phosphorylated at other sites. Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (81E11) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of p46 and p54 SAPK/JNK only when phosphorylated at Thr183 and Tyr185. This antibody may cross-react with phosphorylated p44/42 or p38 MAP kinases. JNK1 (2C6) Mouse mAb detects endogenous levels of total JNK1 protein. This antibody may cross react with recombinant levels JNK2 protein. The antibody does not cross react with JNK3 protein. |
| 供应商 | CST |
| 背景 | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle with essential biosynthetic and signaling functions in eukaryotic cells (1). Post synthesis of secretory and transmembrane proteins on polysomes, proteins are translocated into the ER where they are often modified by disulfide bond formation, amino-linked glycosylation, and folding. Different physiological and pathological conditions can disturb proper protein folding in the ER causing ER stress (1). ER stress activates an intracellular signaling transduction pathway called unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy to avoid cell death (2). The main role of UPR is to improve the protein load on the ER by shutting down protein translation and gene transcription to enhance ERs folding capacity (2). On the other hand, autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmc contents (3,4). One of the chaperones aiding in proper protein folding is Binding immunoglobulin Protein (BiP) (5,6). BiP works by binding to misfolded proteins to prevent them from forming aggregates and assists in proper refolding (7). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes. Formation of the autophagosome involves a ubiquitin-like conjugation system in which Atg12 is covalently bound to Atg5 and targeted to autophagosome vesicles (8-10). One of the proteins critical to autophagy process is Beclin-1, the mammalian orthologue of the yeast autophagy protein Apg6/Vps30 (11). Beclin-1 can complement defects in yeast autophagy caused by loss of Apg6 and can also stimulate autophagy when overexpressed in mammalian cells (12). Mammalian Beclin-1 was originally isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen for Bcl-2 interacting proteins and has been shown to interact with Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but not with Bax or Bak (13). Phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) α subunit is a well-documented mechanism to downregulate protein synthesis under a variety of stress conditions. eIF2 binds GTP and Met-tRNAi and transfers Met-tRNA to the 40S subunit to form the 43S preinitiation complex (14,15). Kinases that are activated by viral infection (PKR) can phosphorylate the α subunit of eIF2 (16,17). Induction of PKR by IFN-γ and TNF-α induces potent phosphorylation of eIF2α at Ser51 (18,19). There are three SAPK/JNK genes each of which undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in numerous isoforms (20). The IRE1, a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase (21,22), through its kinase activity activates SAPK/JNK in the early stage of ER stress in order to induce autophagosome formation (23). |
| 运输条件 | 0.75 |
| 存放说明 | -20C |
| 参考文献 | 1 . Verfaillie, T. et al. (2010) Int J Cell Biol 2010, 930509. 2 . Ogata, M. et al. (2006) Mol Cell Biol 26, 9220-31. 3 . Urano, F. et al. (2000) Science 287, 664-6. 4 . Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21. 5 . Wabl, M. and Steinberg, C. (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79, 6976-8. 6 . Kimball, S.R. (1999) Int J Biochem Cell Biol 31, 25-9. 7 . Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18. 8 . Haas, I.G. and Wabl, M. (2002) Nature 306, 387-9. 9 . Kametaka, S. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 22284-91. 10 . de Haro, C. et al. (1996) FASEB J 10, 1378-87. 11 . Nikawa, J. and Yamashita, S. (1992) Mol Microbiol 6, 1441-6. 12 . Liang, X.H. et al. (1999) Nature 402, 672-6. 13 . Kaufman, R.J. (1999) Genes Dev 13, 1211-33. 14 . Kyriakis, J.M. and Avruch, J. (2001) Physiol Rev 81, 807-69. 15 . Cox, J.S. et al. (1993) Cell 73, 1197-206. 16 . Mizushima, N. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 33889-92. 17 . Liang, X.H. et al. (1998) J Virol 72, 8586-96. 18 . Sheikh, M.S. and Fornace, A.J. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6121-8. 19 . Mizushima, N. et al. (1998) Nature 395, 395-8. 20 . Cheshire, J.L. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 4801-6. 21 . Suzuki, K. et al. (2001) EMBO J 20, 5971-81. 22 . Zamanian-Daryoush, M. et al. (2000) Mol Cell Biol 20, 1278-90. 23 . Kohno, K. et al. (1993) Mol Cell Biol 13, 877-90. |
After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. The LumiGLO® is added and emits light during enzyme catalyzed decomposition. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using BiP (C50B12) Rabbit mAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or BiP Blocking Peptide #1084 (right). | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (81E11) Rabbit mAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) Blocking Peptide #1215 (right). | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded 293T cells untreated (left) or UV-treated (right) using Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (81E11) Rabbit mAb. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using BiP (C50B12) Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human glioblastoma using BiP (C50B12) Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using BiP (C50B12) Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human hepatocellular carcinoma using BiP (C50B12) Rabbit mAb. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, untreated or UV-treated, NIH/3T3 cells, untreated or UV-treated and C6 cells, untreated or anisomycin-treated, using Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (81E11) Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of frozen SKOV-3 xenograft using BiP (C50B12) Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma, untreated (left) or λ phosphatase-treated (right), using Phopsho-eIF2α (Ser51) (D9G8) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from indicated cell lines, untreated or UV-treated (40 J/m2, 30 min recovery), using JNK1 (2C6) Mouse mAb. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from C2C12 cells, untreated or thapsigargin-treated, using Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (D9G8) XP® Rabbit mAb (upper) or eIF2α Antibody #9722 (lower). | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (D9G8) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lymphoma using Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (D9G8) XP® Rabbit mAb. |
