| 货号 | 12814T |
| 目标/特异性 | Unless otherwise indicated, each antibody will recognize endogenous total levels of their target protein. Each activation state antibody recognizes the phosphorylated form of its target. Phospho-C/EBPβ (Thr235) Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of human liver activating protein (LAP) only when phosphorylated at Thr235, mouse and rat LAP only when phosphorylated at Thr188, and liver inhibitory protein (LIP) only when phosphorylated at Thr37. The C/EBPβ (LAP) Antibody detects endogenous levels of total C/EBPβ, the p38 and p36 LAPs, but not the p20 LIP. |
| 供应商 | CST |
| 背景 | CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are transcription factors critical for cellular differentiation, terminal function, and inflammatory response. Six characterized family members (C/EBPα, β, δ, γ, ε, and ζ) are distributed in a variety of tissues (1). Translation from alternative start codons results in two C/EBPα isoforms (p42 and p30) that are strong transcriptional activators (2). Research studies indicate that insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulate C/EBPα dephosphorylation, which may play a key role in insulin-induced repression of GLUT4 transcription (3). Phosphorylation of C/EBPα at Thr222, Thr226, and Ser230 by GSK-3 may be required for adipogenesis (4). The two forms of C/EBPβ, 38 kDa liver activating protein (LAP) and the 20 kDa liver inhibitory protein (LIP), may result from alternative translation. The 38 kDa LAP protein is a transcriptional activator while LIP may inhibit C/EBPβ transcriptional activity (5). Phosphorylation of C/EBPβ at distinct sites stimulates its transcriptional activity (6-8). Phosphorylation at the rat-specific site Ser105 in C/EBPβ appears essential for C/EBPβ activation in rat (9). C/EBPδ protein is highly expressed in adipose tissue, lung, and intestine (10). Increased expression of C/EBPδ mRNA levels during adipogenesis suggests that C/EBPδ plays an important role in positively regulating adipogenesis (10,11). C/EBPδ is expressed in the mammalian nervous system and plays an important role in long-term memory (10,12). CHOP is a C/EBP-homologous protein that inhibits C/EBP and LAP in a dominant-negative manner (13). CHOP expression is induced by cellular stresses, including starvation; induced CHOP suppresses cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase (14). During ER stress, the level of CHOP expression is elevated and CHOP functions to mediate programmed cell death (15). CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白(C/EBP)是对细胞分化，终端功能和炎症反应有关键的转录因子。六个特征家族成员C/EBPα, β, δ, γ, ε, and ζ)分布在各种组织中(1)。从不同的起始密码子开始翻译产生的两个C/EBPα亚型(p42和p30)是强转录激活子(2)。研究指出胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子-I刺激C/EBPα去磷酸化，其可在胰岛素诱导的GLUT4转录抑制过程中发挥作用(3)。GSK-3磷酸化C/EBPα的Thr222, Thr226,和Ser230可能为脂肪形成过程所需(4)。C/EBPβ的两个形式，38 kDa的liver activating protein (LAP) 和 20 kDa的 liver inhibitory protein (LIP)，可能来自于选择性翻译。38kDa的LAP蛋白是一个转录激活蛋白而LIP做可能会抑制C/EBPβ的转录活性(5). C/EBPβ的不同位点被磷酸化会激活其转录活性(6-8)。C/EBPβ的大鼠特异性Ser105被磷酸化在大鼠中对于C/EBPβ的活化是必须的(9)。C/EBPδ在脂肪组织，肺和小肠中高表达(10)。脂肪形成过程中C/EBPδ的mRNA水平表达增高提示C/EBPδ能够正向调控脂肪形成(10,11)。C/EBPδ在哺乳动物神经系统中表达并在长期记忆中发挥了重要作用(10,12)。CHOP是一个C/EBP-同源蛋白能够以显性抑制的方式抑制C/EBP和LAP(13)。CHOP的表达是被细胞压力所诱导表达的，包括饥饿；表达的CHOP抑制细胞周期进展阻止G1进入S期(14)。ER压力期，CHOP表达升高并发挥介导细胞程序性死亡的功能(15)。 |
| 存放说明 | -20C |
| 参考文献 | 1 . Lekstrom-Hims, J. and Xanthopoulos, K.G. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 28545-28548. 2 . Lin, F. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 9606-9610. 3 . Calkhoven, C.F. et al. (2000) Genes Dev. 14, 1920-1932. 4 . Hemati, N. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 25913-25919. 5 . Wegner, M. et al. (1992) Science 256, 370-373. 6 . Ross, S.E. et al. (1999) Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 8433-8441. 7 . Trautwein, C. et al. (1993) Nature 364, 544-547. 8 . Nakajima, T. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 2207-2211. 9 . Buck, M. et al. (1999) Mol. Cell 4, 1087-1092. 10 . Ramji, D.P. and Foka, P. (2002) Biochem J 365, 561-75. 11 . Cao, Z. et al. (1991) Genes Dev 5, 1538-52. 12 . Taubenfeld, S.M. et al. (2001) J Neurosci 21, 84-91. 13 . Ron, D. and Habener, J.F. (1992) Genes Dev 6, 439-53. 14 . Barone, M.V. et al. (1994) Genes Dev 8, 453-64. 15 . Zinszner, H. et al. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 982-95. |
After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. The LumiGLO* is added and emits light during enzyme catalyzed decomposition. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from mouse adipocytes treated with insulin for the indicated times, using Phospho-C/EBPalpha (Ser21) Antibody. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts of COS cells untransfected (lane 1), or transfected with wild-type mouse C/EBPalpha (lane 2), S21A (lane 3), and S21D (lane 4) mutants, using Phospho-C/EBPalpha (Ser21) Antibody (upper) or C/EBPalpha Antibody (lower). (Provided by Dr. Hanna Radomska, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA). | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from adipocytes (differentiated 3T3-L1) treated with insulin for the indicated times, using Phospho-C/EBPbeta (Thr235) Antibody. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from NIH/3T3-L1, differentiated for the indicated times, using C/EBPbeta (LAP) Antibody. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from COS cells, untransfected or transfected with human or mouse C/EBPbeta (LAP), using C/EBPbeta (LAP) Antibody. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from U937 cells treated with either LiCl or NaCl for the indicated times, using Phopho-C/EBPalpha (Thr222/226) Antibody (upper) and C/EBPalpha antibody (lower). C/EBPalpha phosphorylation at Thr222/226 is abolished by the specific GSK3 inhibitor LiCl, but not by NaCl, indicating that phosphorylation at these sites are depends on GSK3 kinase. | |
Western blot analysis of extract from differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, using C/EBPδ Antibody. | |
Western blot analysis of extracts from C2C12 cells, untreated or tunicamycin-treated (2 μg/ml, 8 hr), using CHOP (D46F1) Rabbit mAb (upper) or β-Actin Antibody #4967 (lower). | |
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells using C/EBPα (D56F10) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye). | |
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of THP-1 (left) and Jurkat (right) cells using C/EBPα (D56F10) XP®Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye). | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil using C/EBPα (D56F10) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse lung using C/EBPα (D56F10) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded cell pellets, THP-1 (left) or Jurkat (right), using C/EBPα (D56F10) XP® Rabbit mAb. | |
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human hepatocellular carcinoma using C/EBPα (D56F10) XP® Rabbit mAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or antigen-specific peptide (right). |
